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Infinite regress arguments are part of a philosopher's tool kit of argumentation. But how sharp or strong is this tool? How effectively is it used? The typical presentation of infinite regress arguments throughout history is so succinct and has so many gaps that it is often unclear how an infinite regress is derived, and why an infinite regress is logically problematic, and as a result, it is often difficult to evaluate infinite regress arguments. These consequences of our customary way of using this tool indicate that there is a need for a theory to re-orient our practice. My general approach to contribute to such a theory, consists of collecting and evaluating as many infinite regress arguments as possible, comparing and contrasting many of the formal and non-formal properties, looking for recurring patterns, and identifying the properties that appeared essential to those patterns. Two very general questions guided this work: (1) How are infinite regresses generated in infinite regress arguments? (2) How do infinite regresses logically function as premises in an argument? In answering these questions I clarify the notion of an infinite regress; identify different logical forms of infinite regresses; describe different kinds of infinite regress arguments; distinguish the rhetoric from the logic in infinite regress arguments; and suggest ways of improving our discussion and our practice of constructing and evaluating these arguments.

Philosophy. --- Logic. --- Metaphysics. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Philosophy (General). --- Genetic epistemology. --- Epistémologie génétique --- Logique --- Métaphysique --- Philosophie --- Infinite regress.

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The nature of scientific explanation has been an important topic in philosophy of science for many years. This book highlights some of the conceptual problems that still need to be solved and points out a number of fresh philosophical ideas to explore. Anyone interested in causal and probabilistic explanation, explanation-seeking questions and contrastive explanations, inference to the best explanation, or explanations within the special sciences should find something of interest in this book.

epistomologie --- epistemologists --- Philosophy of science --- Theory of knowledge --- kennisleer --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Explanation. --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Explanation (Philosophy) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Verklaring. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Epistemology. --- Developmental psychology --- Philosophy and science. --- Epistemology --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy --- Explanation

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Artworks potentially convey two kinds of knowledge. They obviously afford knowledge of art itself, and they also afford general empirical knowledge, especially knowledge of human psychology and value. Knowing Art collects ten original essays written by leading philosophers who distill and build upon recent work at the intersection of aesthetics and epistemology. Specific topics addressed include the objectivity of critical knowledge, the quality of critical testimony, the roles of principles and perception in critical reasoning, phenomenal knowledge of what a work of art is like, the acquisition of factual information and psychological understanding from fictions, and the limits of images as sources of historical evidence. In addressing these topics, the volume also explores the challenges that art poses for theories of knowledge as well as the challenges that artistic knowledge poses to traditional views about art.

ethiek --- Theory of knowledge --- kennisleer --- kunst --- epistomologie --- General ethics --- Aesthetics --- esthetica --- epistemologists --- Art --- aesthetics --- Aesthetics. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Beautiful, The --- Beauty --- Esthetics --- Taste (Aesthetics) --- Philosophy --- Criticism --- Literature --- Proportion --- Symmetry --- Psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Epistemology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Ethics. --- Arts. --- Epistemology. --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Occidental --- Arts, Western --- Fine arts --- Humanities --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Developmental psychology --- Arts, Primitive --- Radio broadcasting Aesthetics

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Il dado, il filo, la chiave, l’anello, lo specchio, il bottone e la sfera sono cose semplici che incontriamo quotidianamente, ma di cui spesso ci dimentichiamo, perché la cultura contemporanea sempre più si lascia ammaliare dalla complessità dei sistemi e dalla leggerezza delle realtà virtuali. Questo saggio, facendo il controcanto alle cinque Lezioni americane di Italo Calvino, esamina come le "cose semplici" di fatto spesso dimostrino la loro importanza nella semplicità, nella lentezza, nella pesantezza, nella singolarità, nella stessa invisibilità. Ma la loro "consistenza" – questa appunto avrebbe dovuto essere la sesta Lezione – risiede appunto nel fatto che la loro forza, simbolica e reale sta proprio nel fatto che sono cose concrete, che tutti possiamo toccare, anche quando assumono un significato metaforico. I sette oggetti semplici avrebbero potuto essere accompagnati da molti altri esemplari, ma questo libro deve rimanere soprattutto uno stimolo affinché si possa ricuperare una maggiore attenzione alla concretezza delle cose, che non è solo importante quando sono riposte nelle vetrine di un museo di cultura materiale, ma perché sono parte di noi. Letteratura e tecnica, arte e filosofia, musica e cronaca, ogni giorno dimostrano come queste "cose" siano le vere protagoniste di quella che i francesi chiamano civilization: l’Anello del Nibelungo, il Bottone di Pushkin, e il "dado brunelleschiano" sono soltanto alcuni esempi di come queste "cose" abbiano trovato un posto d’onore nella storia. E questo è un libro in cui si raccontano tante storie, come le fiabe che introducono le nostre cose, per farci entrare nel loro mondo accompagnati dalla fantasia.

Science --- Sciences --- History --- Histoire --- Science -- History. --- History & Archaeology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- History - General --- Sciences - General --- Natural history. --- History. --- History, Natural --- Natural science --- Physiophilosophy --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy. --- Applied linguistics. --- Popular works. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Popular Science, general. --- Biology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Science (General). --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Linguistics --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology

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by the Academies of the two countries – to the Italian-Swiss University of Lugano for the two-day-Symposium. The question of the meaning of “truth” is central to many areas of contemporary debate, whether between those subscribing to a post-Enlightenment view of the world and those who seek fundamental truth in religious texts, or between those maintaining that there are absolute truths and those believing facts to be social constructs. For some, the ultimate truth is revealed through religious faith and t- tual authority. Can this view be reconciled with an evidence-based, materialist, post-Enlightenment perspective of the truth as embraced by the natural sciences? If religion holds the key to the truth, which religion and which truths? During the five thematic sessions of the symposium, all attended by the same audience and by all the speakers and panel members, these and many other qu- tions, but in particular the one about the meaning of truth, were examined and debated. The whole range of perspectives represented on the panels and in the au- ence came to the fore. After the keynote lecture by Professor Simon Blackburn, the five sessions covered the following disciplines: philosophy, mathematics, physics, cosmology, the biological sciences including biodiversity and sustainability, h- tory, the social sciences, theology and religion. This volume contains the speakers’ lectures, the corresponding reactions of the invited panel members as well as the panel and general discussions of the two-d- symposium.

Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Religious studies --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- godsdienstfilosofie --- kennisleer --- Truth --- Geisteswissenschaften. --- Religion. --- Wissenschaftsphilosophie. --- Wahrheit. --- Naturwissenschaften. --- Lugano <2008> --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVHUMAI SPRINGER-B --- Philosophy and science. --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Epistemology --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Truth - Congresses